CNC coolant (cutting fluid) is essential for removing heat, lubricating the tool, flushing chips, and preventing rust in machining, extending tool life and improving part finish by reducing friction between the tool and workpiece. It comes in various types like water-soluble (emulsions), synthetic, semi-synthetic, and straight oils, delivered via methods such as flood, mist, or high-pressure systems, with proper mixing ratios (e.g., 7-10% concentrate to water) crucial for performance and preventing issues like foaming.